Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Daphnetin Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain via Regulation of Microglial Responses and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in the Spinal Cord

doi: 10.3390/ph17060789

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of DAP on pain sensation in CCI rats. ( A ) Structural formula of DAP. ( B ) Experimental flowchart. ( C ) Spinal cord subdural intubation in rats. The rats were intubated at the L4−L5 spinal cord in the subdural cavity, as shown in the figure. After the injection of lidocaine hydrochloride, they immediately became paralyzed. ( D ) Change in TWT in CCI rats at different administration times ( n = 6). ( E ) Change in MWT in CCI rats at different administration times ( n = 6). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. model group.

Article Snippet: In experiment 1, rats were divided into 6 groups ( n = 6) in the pharmacodynamic study to analyze the mechanism of DAP activity: the control, sham, CCI, positive (3 mg/mL morphine) (850807, Qinghai pharmaceutical factory, Qinghai, China), DAP high-dose (DAPH; 0.5 mg/mL) (B21084, Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), and DAP low-dose (DAPL; 0.2 mg/mL) groups.

Techniques: Injection

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Daphnetin Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain via Regulation of Microglial Responses and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in the Spinal Cord

doi: 10.3390/ph17060789

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of DAP on microglia activation and expression of inflammatory factors in the spinal cords of CCI rats. ( A ) The rat spinal cord microglia marker Iba-1 (green) was stained with immunofluorescence. The scale bar is 20 μm ( n = 3). ( B – E ) Expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α proteins in the spinal cord ( n = 3). ( F ) Fluorescence intensity of Iba-1 in immunofluorescence. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. model group.

Article Snippet: In experiment 1, rats were divided into 6 groups ( n = 6) in the pharmacodynamic study to analyze the mechanism of DAP activity: the control, sham, CCI, positive (3 mg/mL morphine) (850807, Qinghai pharmaceutical factory, Qinghai, China), DAP high-dose (DAPH; 0.5 mg/mL) (B21084, Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), and DAP low-dose (DAPL; 0.2 mg/mL) groups.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Marker, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Daphnetin Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain via Regulation of Microglial Responses and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in the Spinal Cord

doi: 10.3390/ph17060789

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of DAP on P2X 4 receptors in spinal microglia in CCI rats. ( A – D , F , G ) Expression of IRF8, IRF5, P2X 4 , and BDNF proteins in spinal cord samples ( n = 3). ( E , H , I ) Expression of Iba-1 (red) and P2X 4 (green) receptors in the spinal dorsal horn, as determined by immunofluorescence double staining. The scale bar is 20 μm ( n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. model group.

Article Snippet: In experiment 1, rats were divided into 6 groups ( n = 6) in the pharmacodynamic study to analyze the mechanism of DAP activity: the control, sham, CCI, positive (3 mg/mL morphine) (850807, Qinghai pharmaceutical factory, Qinghai, China), DAP high-dose (DAPH; 0.5 mg/mL) (B21084, Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), and DAP low-dose (DAPL; 0.2 mg/mL) groups.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Double Staining

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Daphnetin Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain via Regulation of Microglial Responses and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in the Spinal Cord

doi: 10.3390/ph17060789

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of DAP on MAPK-pathway activation in the spinal microglia of CCI rats. ( A , B , D , E ) The expression of P38/p-P38, JNK/p-JNK, and ERK1/2/p-ERK1/2 proteins in the spinal cord ( n = 3). ( C , F , G ) The expression of Iba-1 and P38 in the spinal dorsal horn in immunofluorescence double staining. The scale bar is 20 μm ( n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. model group.

Article Snippet: In experiment 1, rats were divided into 6 groups ( n = 6) in the pharmacodynamic study to analyze the mechanism of DAP activity: the control, sham, CCI, positive (3 mg/mL morphine) (850807, Qinghai pharmaceutical factory, Qinghai, China), DAP high-dose (DAPH; 0.5 mg/mL) (B21084, Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), and DAP low-dose (DAPL; 0.2 mg/mL) groups.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Double Staining

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Daphnetin Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain via Regulation of Microglial Responses and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in the Spinal Cord

doi: 10.3390/ph17060789

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of DEP expression in the spinal cord samples among the sham, CCI, and DAP groups. ( A , B ) The volcano plot and clustering heat map of the DEPs between the CCI and sham groups. ( C , D ) The volcano plot and clustering heat map of the DEPs between the DAP and CCI groups.

Article Snippet: In experiment 1, rats were divided into 6 groups ( n = 6) in the pharmacodynamic study to analyze the mechanism of DAP activity: the control, sham, CCI, positive (3 mg/mL morphine) (850807, Qinghai pharmaceutical factory, Qinghai, China), DAP high-dose (DAPH; 0.5 mg/mL) (B21084, Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), and DAP low-dose (DAPL; 0.2 mg/mL) groups.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Daphnetin Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain via Regulation of Microglial Responses and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in the Spinal Cord

doi: 10.3390/ph17060789

Figure Lengend Snippet: GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the DEPs between the DAP and CCI groups. ( A , B ) GO enrichment analysis of the DEPs between the DAP and CCI groups. ( C , D ) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the DEPs between the DAP and CCI groups.

Article Snippet: In experiment 1, rats were divided into 6 groups ( n = 6) in the pharmacodynamic study to analyze the mechanism of DAP activity: the control, sham, CCI, positive (3 mg/mL morphine) (850807, Qinghai pharmaceutical factory, Qinghai, China), DAP high-dose (DAPH; 0.5 mg/mL) (B21084, Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), and DAP low-dose (DAPL; 0.2 mg/mL) groups.

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Daphnetin Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain via Regulation of Microglial Responses and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in the Spinal Cord

doi: 10.3390/ph17060789

Figure Lengend Snippet: OPLS-DA score plots and permutation tests of spinal cord samples in the sham, CCI, and DAP groups. ( A , C ) OPLS-DA score plots and permutation tests in spinal cord samples between the sham and CCI groups. ( B , D ) OPLS-DA score plots and permutation tests between spinal cord samples from the DAP and CCI groups.

Article Snippet: In experiment 1, rats were divided into 6 groups ( n = 6) in the pharmacodynamic study to analyze the mechanism of DAP activity: the control, sham, CCI, positive (3 mg/mL morphine) (850807, Qinghai pharmaceutical factory, Qinghai, China), DAP high-dose (DAPH; 0.5 mg/mL) (B21084, Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), and DAP low-dose (DAPL; 0.2 mg/mL) groups.

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Daphnetin Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain via Regulation of Microglial Responses and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in the Spinal Cord

doi: 10.3390/ph17060789

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression analysis of DEMs in the spinal cord samples among the sham, CCI, and DAP groups. ( A ) Volcano plot of the DEPs between the CCI and sham groups. ( B ) Volcano plot of the DEPs between the CCI and DAP groups. ( C ) Venn diagram of DEMs in the CCI vs. sham and DAP vs. CCI groups. ( D ) Heat map of 36 DEPs between the CCI vs. sham and DAP vs. CCI groups.

Article Snippet: In experiment 1, rats were divided into 6 groups ( n = 6) in the pharmacodynamic study to analyze the mechanism of DAP activity: the control, sham, CCI, positive (3 mg/mL morphine) (850807, Qinghai pharmaceutical factory, Qinghai, China), DAP high-dose (DAPH; 0.5 mg/mL) (B21084, Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), and DAP low-dose (DAPL; 0.2 mg/mL) groups.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Daphnetin Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain via Regulation of Microglial Responses and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in the Spinal Cord

doi: 10.3390/ph17060789

Figure Lengend Snippet: KEGG enrichment analysis of DEMs between the DAP and CCI groups. ( A ) Circos map of pathways. ( B ) Bar map of pathways. ( C ) Bubble map of pathways. ( D ) Chord map of pathways.

Article Snippet: In experiment 1, rats were divided into 6 groups ( n = 6) in the pharmacodynamic study to analyze the mechanism of DAP activity: the control, sham, CCI, positive (3 mg/mL morphine) (850807, Qinghai pharmaceutical factory, Qinghai, China), DAP high-dose (DAPH; 0.5 mg/mL) (B21084, Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), and DAP low-dose (DAPL; 0.2 mg/mL) groups.

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Daphnetin Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain via Regulation of Microglial Responses and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in the Spinal Cord

doi: 10.3390/ph17060789

Figure Lengend Snippet: Association analysis of DEPs and DEMs between the DAP and CCI groups. ( A ) KEGG pathways. ( B ) Heat map of the 42 DEPs between the DAP and CCI groups. ( C ) Glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway.

Article Snippet: In experiment 1, rats were divided into 6 groups ( n = 6) in the pharmacodynamic study to analyze the mechanism of DAP activity: the control, sham, CCI, positive (3 mg/mL morphine) (850807, Qinghai pharmaceutical factory, Qinghai, China), DAP high-dose (DAPH; 0.5 mg/mL) (B21084, Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), and DAP low-dose (DAPL; 0.2 mg/mL) groups.

Techniques: